They are fairly close, but different enough to not cause catastrophic failures.

5.45×39 Barrels for AR-15 Rifles

The AR-15 / M-4 platform has been converted into a whole slew of calibers.  One of my favorites is the 5.45x39mm, otherwise known as the AK-74 round.  It used to be incredibly cheap to shoot, until the ATF wrecked it…  But, you can still find deals.

Since the round is so similar to the 5.56 / .223, it takes very little to convert your rifle to this caliber.  Ballistic Advantage makes a number of barrels for this caliber.  They also make bolts for this set up.  They do a great job using high quality materials, such as Fail Zero Nickel Boron Coatings.

Find the 5.45 Barrels & Bolts by Ballistic Advantage here.

You can tell the high quality of the 5.45 ammo… …by the lacquer slopped all over it.